Shale gas exploitation with supercritical CO2 technology

This paper analyzes the physicochemical properties of supercritical CO2, the characteristic of shale gas and shale gas reservoirs. The technologies of drilling, production, fracturing using the supercritical CO2 in shale gas exploration are proposed, to increase the penetration rate, decrease the damage to formation while fracturing, and enhance the recovery of shale gas. It is believed that the huge economic benefits of shale gas exploration with the supercritical CO2 fluid will be obtained, and it also can initiate a new technology field of CO2 in the petroleum engineering.     

Study on the accelerant to the sodium oleate during bauxite flotation

The conventional collector for diasporemineral is oleic acid(OLA),which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation.Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent(sodium oleate,tween-20)were carried out and it was shown that sodium oleate was an effective diaspore collector,whereas nonionic surfactant tween-20 showed little collectivity.Then experiments were carried out with sodium oleate as the main collector with the addition of tween-20 to study the influences of potentiator on diaspore flotation.It could be seen from the experiments that potentiator had a marked influence on the recovery of diaspore,which was raised by more than 12% and that addition sequence also affected the flotation behavior.It gave the best results with the reagents mixed thoroughly before added and the best ratio of collector oleic acid and potentiator tween-20 stood at 10:1.From the calculation of the ingredients in the sodium oleate solution,at the pH 9,sodium oleate acted with surface of themineral with the acid-soap polymer [HOL·OL-].Zeta potential test showed that the potentiator promoted the absorption of collector on themineral surface,which lowered zeta potential.As could be seen from surface tension experiments,the addition of potentiator tween-20 lowered the CMC(critical micelle concentration) value of oleic acid solution,which was equivalent to raise the power of the agents.By the adsorptive capability tests,with the addition of tween-20,the adsorption of oleic acid on diaspore got more.     

一种有害气体吸收装置的改进设计及应用

针对传统有害气体吸收装置存在的缺陷,设计了一种新型的有害气体吸收装置.此装置相比传统装置而言,具有更加安全有效、结构简单、拆装方便等优点,有普遍应用于化学实验室中的价值.     

气相色谱仪的维护与故障排除

分析了色谱仪使用中出现故障的主要原因,提出了加强日常维护、减少色谱仪故障与维护的原则,总结了故障原因检查与判断以及故障排除方法。     

均压通风防治相邻采空区瓦斯涌出的应用

本文根据开滦集团东欢坨矿的实际情况,以2081工作面为例,简述了均压通风在防治采空区瓦斯通过密闭墙向外泄露的应用,提出了针对实际情况利用该方法的具体方法和措施,取得显著的效果。同时通过实践,证明了均压通风技术在矿井瓦斯防治工作中的重要作用和实际应用价值。     

嗜热耐盐烃降解菌Geobacillus sp.WJ-2降解原油性能研究

以液蜡为唯一碳源,从大庆油田龙虎泡区块采油污水样中分离到一株高效嗜热耐盐的兼性烃降解菌WJ-2,经形态观察、生理生化实验和16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为地芽孢杆菌Geobacillus sp..在有氧或者厌氧条件下,该菌均在45～75℃和0～10％ NaCl溶液中生长良好,其最适生长温度为65℃,最适盐的质量分数为3.0％;该菌株能以原油为唯一碳源生长并合成生物表面活性剂,发酵7d,生物表面活性剂产量在好氧条件和厌氧条件下分别为19.89 g/L和11.69 g/L.薄层层析和显色反应表明WJ-2产出的表面活性剂组成在好氧和厌氧条件下不相同.经GC气相色谱和族组分柱层析对菌株WJ-2在好氧和厌氧降解下原油组分分析结果表明:该菌在好氧下优先降解较轻组分,在厌氧条件下优先降解重质组分,原油黏度分别降低71.57％和77.45％,凝固点分别降低5℃和8℃.在好氧和厌氧条件下该菌可在一次水驱基础上分别进一步提高采收率6.96％和6.42％,可有效应用于高温高盐油藏微生物驱现场试验.     

基于恒电流源的电阻式气敏传感器检测系统

为保证电阻式气敏元件的高精度检测,设计了一种基于恒流源的气体浓度检测系统。该系统利用恒电流源,使传感元件电阻与电压变化呈线性关系,以提高气敏元件阻值随
气体浓度变化的准确度。恒电流源包括基准稳压电源、电流负反馈电路、稳压二极管和待测气敏元件。经过参数整定,其测电阻范围可达0～1 000 kΩ,平均测量误差小于0.027 2%。利用SnO2传感器检测浓度为0～2 05357 mg/m³的乙醇气体,测量出传感器电阻随浓度增加呈e指数下降趋势,系统最大测量误差小于±1.5%。     

超重力尿素湿法烟气脱硝技术的研究

通过考察氮氧化物湿法吸收机理,对NOx液相吸收的传质理论进行了相关分析。采用定-转子反应器（RSR）作为新型吸收设备,对尿素溶液吸收氮氧化物废气的工艺条件进行了试验研究,考察了液体流量、进气流量、定-转子反应器转速、尿素含量及吸收温度等因素对NOx脱除率的影响,确定了脱除NOx的最佳条件。试验结果表明,对定-转子反应器内部结构为SS-RH这种组合,最佳操作参数为液体流量0.2m3/h、进气流量0.2m3/h、定-转子反应器转速1400r/min、尿素溶液质量分数20%、吸收温度60℃。在此条件下,NOx的脱除率可达到63%。     

单室火灾的燃烧特性

通过实验研究火源功率及单室的通风状况对单室室内火灾燃烧时的温度变化及分布、烟气流动特性及气体成分的变化影响。结果表明:在全封闭情况下,热烟气以垂直流动为主,且随着热烟气的流动,室内温度逐渐升高,O2浓度逐渐降低。边界层不稳定导致的火焰振荡使热烟气层的最高温度出现在距离单室顶部70～80 cm处。火源功率越大,室内温度升高越快,升温幅度越高,火焰脉动进一步加剧,火焰偏移越大。在单室通风口打开的情况下,热烟气以水平流动为主,室内O2浓度和CO浓度变化不大,而以通风口上沿为界,温度分布呈现明显的上下2层。     

电吸附固相微萃取吸附水中有机污染物的研究

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法,考察活性炭纤维电助吸附水中有机污染物(苯酚、苯胺、硝基苯等)的行为,以及吸附时间、电压、电解质等不同参数对吸附的影响。结果表明,不同取代基的苯衍生物电吸附改变量不相同。与开路电压相比,正极化下活性炭对苯酚的吸附更好,而负极化对苯胺的吸附效果更佳,正负极化对硝基苯的影响大致相等。在加入硫酸钠电解质后,吸附量和吸附速率都有所增加。该方法可降低吸附工艺成本,使吸附处理更加经济有效。